Red Lead Oxide (Lead Tetroxide)

Red Lead Oxide, chemically known as Lead Tetroxide (Pb₃O₄), is a common inorganic lead compound with distinct properties and applications. Below is its detailed description:

1. Basic Information

Chemical Formula: Pb₃O₄

Molecular Weight: Approximately 685.6 g/mol

CAS Number: 1314-41-6

Common Names: Red lead, minium, or red lead oxide. It appears as a bright orange-red or orange heavy powder.

2. Physical and Chemical Properties

Density: 9.1 g/cm³

Melting Point: Around 500°C

Solubility: Insoluble in water and ethanol; soluble in hot alkaline solutions, dilute nitric acid, acetic acid, and hydrochloric acid.

Other Traits: It has oxidizing properties. When exposed to moist air and sunlight, it gradually turns gray. It decomposes into lead monoxide (PbO) and oxygen (O₂) when heated above 500°C.

3. Preparation Method

It is produced by heating lead monoxide (PbO) in air at 470–480°C for several hours. The chemical reaction is as follows:6PbO + O₂ → 2Pb₃O₄

4. Main Applications

Serves as a key anti-rust pigment in coatings.

Used in the manufacturing of storage batteries, glass, ceramics, and enamel.

Functions as an oxidizing agent in dyes and organic synthesis processes.

Acts as an inorganic red pigment to provide bright, long-lasting red color for various products.

5. Safety Risks

Lead and its compounds are toxic, damaging the hematopoietic, nervous, digestive, and renal systems.

Classified as a Group 2A carcinogen by the IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer).

Proper protective equipment (e.g., dust masks, gloves) must be worn during handling to avoid inhaling dust or direct skin contact.

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